Ansichten ungarischer und siebenbürgischer Bergorte.

Title

Ansichten ungarischer und siebenbürgischer Bergorte.

Description

4 views on 1 sheet, showing Smolnik ( Szomolnok); 2. Banská Štiavnica ( slowakisch Baňská Štiavnica, ungarisch Selmecbánya) the oldest mountain city in Slowakia from the east and west side 3. Bergstadt Kremnica ( Körmöcbánya) in the center of Slowakia.

ca. 1862

Artist

Jossa v.

Historical Description

The Duchy of Bohemia emerged in the late 9th century when it was unified by the Přemyslid dynasty. Bohemia was from 1002 until 1806 an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire. After a series of dynastic wars, the House of Luxembourg gained the Bohemian throne. Efforts for a reform of the church in Bohemia started already in the late 14th century. Jan Hus's followers seceded from some practices of the Roman Church and in the Hussite Wars (1419–1434) defeated five crusades organized against them by Sigismund. During the next two centuries, 90% of the population in Bohemian and Moravian lands were considered Hussites. Petr Chelčický inspired the movement of the Bohemian Brethren that completely separated from the Catholic Church. After 1526 Bohemia came increasingly under Habsburg control as the Habsburgs became first the elected and then in 1627 the hereditary rulers of Bohemia. Between 1583 and 1611 Prague was the official seat of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II and his court. In the "Dark Age" of 1620 to the late 18th century, the population of the Czech lands declined by a third through the expulsion of Czech Protestants as well as due to the war, disease and famine. The end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 led to degradation of the political status of Bohemia which lost its position of an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire as well as its own political representation in the Imperial Diet. Bohemian lands became part of the Austrian Empire. During the 18th and 19th century the Czech National Revival began its rise, with the purpose to revive Czech language, culture and national identity.