Von den Mitnächtigen Ländern. / Von deKönigen des Lands Nordwegien./ nachdem die Nordmänner darauf gezogen

Title

Von den Mitnächtigen Ländern. / Von deKönigen des Lands Nordwegien./ nachdem die Nordmänner darauf gezogen

Description

Front side shows a Norwegian angler. On the reverse side shows a Norwegian woman and the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sweden.

ca. 1550

Artist

Münster (1489-1552)

Sebastian Münsters (1489-1552) is one of the famous cosmographers of the Renaissance. Its real importance in the field of cartography is based on its famous cosmography, which he published in 1544 with 24 double-sided maps (including Moscow and Transylvania). The material for this came largely from research and the collection of information from around 1528, which he initially only wanted to use for a description of Germany, but was now sufficient for a map of the entire world and ultimately led to a cosmography. He constantly tried to improve this work, i.e. to replace or add to maps. In the edition of 1550, only 14 maps were taken over from the earlier editions. The 52 maps printed in the text were also only partially based on the old maps. The great success of this cosmography was also based on the precise work of the woodcuts mostly by Hans Holbein the Younger, Urs Graf, Hans Rudolph Deutsch and David Kandel. It was the first scientific and at the same time generally understandable description of the knowledge of the world in German, in which the basics of history and geography, astronomy and natural sciences, regional and folklore were summarized according to the state of knowledge at that time. Cosmography is the science of describing the earth and the universe. Until the late Middle Ages, geography, geology and astronomy were also part of it. The first edition of the Cosmographia took place in 1544 in German, printed in Heinrich Petri's office in Basel. Heinrich Petri was a son from the first marriage of Münster's wife to the Basel printer Adam Petri. Over half of all editions up to 1628 were also published in German. However, the work has also been published in Latin, French, Czech and Italian. The English editions all comprised only a part of the complete work. Viktor Hantzsch identified a total of 46 editions in 1898 (German 27; Latin 8; French 3; Italian 3; Czech 1) that appeared from 1544 to 1650, while Karl Heinz Burmeister only had 36 (German 21; Latin 5; French 6; Italian 3; Czech 1) that appeared between 1544 and 1628. The first edition from 1544 was followed by the second edition in 1545, the third in 1546, the fourth edition in 1548 and the fifth edition in 1550, each supplemented by new reports and details, text images, city views and maps and revised altogether. Little has been known about who - apart from the book printers Heinrich Petri and Sebastian Henricpetri - were responsible for the new editions after Münster's death. The 1628 edition was edited and expanded by the Basel theologian Wolfgang Meyer. With Cosmographia, Sebastian Münster has published for the first time a joint work by learned historians and artists, by publishers, wood cutters and engravers. The numerous vedute are usually made as woodcuts. Sebastian Münster obtained his knowledge from the travel reports and stories of various scholars, geographers, cartographers and sea travelers. Long after his death, "Kosmographie" was still a popular work with large editions: 27 German, 8 Latin, 3 French, 4 English and even 1 Czech editions appeared. The last edition appeared in Basel in 1650.

Historical Description

The Neolithic funnel cup culture of Scandinavia was followed by Germanic influences in the Bronze and Iron Ages. In the Viking Age (800-1050), Norway was unified by King Harald Hårfagre around the year 900. During this period, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland were settled from Norway. Some Vikings - under the leadership of e.g. Bjarni Herjúlfsson, Thorvald Eiriksson and Leif Eriksson - even reached Newfoundland off the northeast coast of the continent called America about 500 years later on several voyages around 1000 AD. The Orkney and Shetland Islands were also taken possession of by Norwegian Vikings and belonged to Norway until 1472. In personal union with Denmark from 1380, Norway joined the Kalmar Union in 1397 and became a relatively insignificant member in this. The Kalmar Empire lasted formally until the departure of Sweden (1523), with Denmark until 1814. Because of political support from France, Denmark had to cede Norway to the King of Sweden in the Peace of Kiel on January 14, 1814, after the Napoleonic Wars. However, there was no direct surrender, so Norway became independent for a short time and gave itself a constitution in a national assembly in Eidsvoll on May 17, 1814, which is still valid today with slight changes. The Storting arranged the first May 17 celebration in 1836, since that day, May 17 has been considered Norway's national holiday.