Usbeckische Tartaren

Title

Usbeckische Tartaren

Description

The maps shows typical natives in their traditional costumes of uzbek tartars.

ca. 1700

Artist

Marstaller

Historical Description

The contrast between nomads and sedentary oasis farmers already shaped the country of Bactria in ancient times. Mention should be made of Greek influences due to the Alexander Empire in the 4th century BC, Buddhist influences due to the Silk Road and the proximity to India. Since ancient times a part of the Silk Road ran through today's Uzbekistan. This was at times the most important traffic and trade route over land from Europe and the Near East to East Asia. In the course of the Arab expansion, Islam prevailed from the beginning of the 8th century; the then existing small Sogdian dominions were incorporated. Thus, as a result of the Arab conquest of Qutaiba ibn Muslim, Islam was able to establish itself. Small Sogdian dominions were incorporated and in 751 Transoxania finally belonged to the Islamic world. The following centuries were dominated by the Samanids in Bukhara (819 to 1005). The Turkic element prevailed and the Karluk khans ruled Bukhara as "Kara-Khanids". The state name is derived from the Uzbek people, whose name in turn goes back to Uzbek Khan. In 1220 the Mongols invaded Uzbekistan. This period is considered to be very volatile. There were repeated wars among the nomads. At the end of this period was the new, today's Uzbek folk hero Timur Lenk. In the Timurid dynasty he was succeeded by his grandson Ulugh Beg, a famous astronomer. The period of the Uzbek khanates, with the caravan trade still increasing until 1600, is considered a golden age of culture and science. In the 17th century, the country experienced exceptional stability under the dynasty of the Janids (1599-1785). The Janid dynasty is considered to have had a strong Muslim influence and promoted the construction of a large number of mosques and madrasas. The Khanate of Kokand, founded in 1710, established itself in Bukhara in 1740 and defeated the Khan who ruled there. The territory of present-day Uzbekistan at that time consisted mainly of the two khanates of Khiva and Kokand and the Emirate of Bukhara. Uzbekistan in its present form only came into being in the 1920s as a Soviet republic. The state name is derived from the Uzbek people, whose name in turn goes back to Uzbek Khan.