Turkey in Europe from the latest Authorities.

Title

Turkey in Europe from the latest Authorities.

Description

Map shows the Ottoman Empire in Europe with all of Greece, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldova.

ca. 1780

Artist

Bowen (1720-1767)

Emanuel Bowen (1714- 1767 in London) was an English map engraver, who worked for George II of England and Louis XV of France as a geographer. In spite of his royal appointments and apparent prosperity he died in poverty and his son, who carried on the business was no more fortunate and died in a Clerkenwell workhouse in 1790.

Historical Description

Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation, being the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, Western drama and the Olympic Games. From the eighth century B.C., the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as poleis (singular polis), which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world, from the eastern Mediterranean to India. Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C., becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire, which adopted the Greek language and culture. The Greek Orthodox Church, which emerged in the first century A.D., helped shape modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World. After falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, Greece emerged as a modern nation state in 1830 following a war of independence.