Mappa circuli rhenani Superiores in quo oculis Fistuntur Landgraviatus Hasso-Casselanos, Darmstadiensis, Rhenofeldensis, Abbatia fuldensis…

Title

Mappa circuli rhenani Superiores in quo oculis Fistuntur Landgraviatus Hasso-Casselanos, Darmstadiensis, Rhenofeldensis, Abbatia fuldensis…

Description

Map shows Hesse and the course of the Rhine from Koblenz to Darmstadt. Furthermore, a title cartouche bordered with 20 heraldic figures, a compass rose and a mileage indicator cartouche.

ca. 1750

Artist

Lotter (1717-1777)

Tobias Conrad Lotter ( 1717- 1777) was a carthographer and publisher in Augsburg. He married the elder daughter of Matthäus Seutters and worked in the company of his father in la was map maker. He produced under the „ eye“ of M. Seutter his first „ Asia minor“ atlas between 1740 and 1744. The Asia minor altas of Lotter, Praecipua orbis terrarum imperia, regna et provincias, Germania potissimum tabelli 80 exactae delineatis sistens usui militiae ducum ac peregrinantium maxime accommodatus opera contains 63 maps, mosly Lotters work and other maps from Seutter where he put his name in the lower margin.

Historical Description

In the 12th century, Hessen was passed to Thuringia. In the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), Hessen gained independence and became a Landgraviate within the Holy Roman Empire. It shortly rose to primary importance under Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous, who was one of the leaders of German Protestantism. After Philip's death in 1567, the territory was divided among his four sons from his first marriage into four lines: Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), Hesse-Darmstadt, Hessen-Rheinfels, and the also previously existing Hesse-Marburg. As the latter two lines died out quite soon (1583 and 1605), Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt were the two core states within the Hessian lands. Several collateral lines split off during the centuries, such as in 1622, when Hessen-Homburg split off from Hesse-Darmstadt. In the late 16th century, Kassel adopted Calvinism, while Darmstadt remained Lutheran and subsequently the two lines often found themselves on different sides of a conflict, most notably in the disputes over Hessen-Marburg and in the Thirty Years' War, when Darmstadt fought on the side of the Emperor, while Kassel sided with Sweden and France. War of Hessen: The Landgrave Frederick II (1720–1785) ruled as a benevolent despot, from 1760 to 1785. He combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values, cameralist plans for central control of the economy, and a militaristic approach toward diplomacy.He funded the depleted treasury of the poor nation by loaning 19,000 soldiers in complete military formations to Great Britainto fight in North America during the American Revolutionary War, 1776–1783. These soldiers, commonly known as Hessians, fought under the British flag. The British used the Hessians in several conflicts, including in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. For further revenue, the soldiers were loaned to other places as well. Most were conscripted, with their pay going to the Landgrave.