Carte de l’Ancien Continent…

Title

Carte de l’Ancien Continent…

Description

Map of the Old World (Africa, Euope, Asia).

ca. 1749

Artist

Vaugondy,de (1723-1786)

Didier Robert de Vaugondy (1723 -1786) also known as Le Sieur or Monsieur Robert, and his son, were leading cartographers in France during the 18th century. In 1757, Gilles and Didier Robert De Vaugondy published The Atlas Universel, one of the most important atlases of the 18th century. To produce the atlas, the Vaugondys integrated older sources with more modern surveyed maps. They verified and corrected the latitude and longitude of many regional maps in the atlas with astronomical observations. The older material was revised with the addition of many new place names. In 1760, Didier Robert de Vaugondy was appointed geographer to Louis XV. Gilles and Didier Robert De Vaugondy produced their maps and terrestrial globes working together as father and son. Globes of a variety of sizes were made by gluing copperplate-printed gores on a plaster-finished papier-mache core, a complicated and expensive manufacturing process, employing several specialists. In some cases it is uncertain whether Gilles or Didier made a given map. Gilles often signed maps as M.Robert, while Didier commonly signed his maps as ""Robert de Vaugondy"", or added ""fils"" or ""filio"" after his name. The Robert de Vaugondys were descended from the Nicolas Sanson family through Sanson's grandson, Pierre Moulard-Sanson. From him, they inherited much of Sanson's cartographic material, which they combined with maps and plates acquired after Hubert Jaillot's death in 1712 to form the basis the Atlas Universel.

Historical Description

Popular science refers to the period from about the 15th to the 18th centuries. The era is considered to be in the early modern period and is primarily concerned with the knowledge of seafarers and explorers. The idea of the age of discoveries is shaped by seafaring and discoveries overseas. In terms of content, however, it also includes astronomy, which is associated with the names of Tycho Brahe, Nikolaus Kopernikus, Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler, among others. Giordano Bruno and Galileo Galilei also belong to this group. Not only the seafarers with their discoveries, but also they brought about changes in the world view. Some motifs were religious, e.g. B. that Christianity should be spread in the New World (missionary). The great European powers also expected an expansion of their political sphere of influence. This is evident in the overseas colonies, including the Spaniards, Portuguese, English, Dutch and French. The Tordesillas Treaty of 1494 is an example of this. It regulated the distribution of the discovered countries between Portugal and Spain. Global exploration began with the Portuguese discoveries of the Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and the Azores in 1419 and 1427, the African coast after 1434, and the sea route to India in 1498; and from the Crown of Castile (Spain) the transatlantic trips of Christopher Columbus to America between 1492 and 1502 and the first world tour in the years 1519–1522. These discoveries led to numerous naval expeditions across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and land expeditions in America, Asia, Africa, and Australia that continued into the late 19th century, followed by exploration of the polar regions in the 20th century. European overseas exploration led to the rise of world trade and the European colonial empires, with contact between the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) and the New World (America and Australia) creating Colombian exchange, a wide range of plant transfers, animals, and food , human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases and culture between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere. The age of discovery and later exploration of Europe made it possible to map the world, which led to a new worldview and distant civilizations, but also to the spread of diseases that decimated populations that were not previously in contact with Eurasia and Africa, and to enslavement , Exploitation, military conquest and economic dominance of Europe and its colonies over indigenous people. It also allowed the expansion of Christianity.