A New Map of Present Germany, Shewing Its Principal Divisions, Cities, Towns, Rivers, Mountains, & c.

Title

A New Map of Present Germany, Shewing Its Principal Divisions, Cities, Towns, Rivers, Mountains, & c.

Description

Map shows total Germany, Austria, Czech and partly Poland. With detailed representation of all cities, mountains and rivers.

ca. 1660

Artist

Wells (1667-1727)

Edward Wells (1667–1727) was an English mathematician, geographer, and controversial theologian.

Historical Description

The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. In the High Middle Ages, the regional dukes, princes and bishops gained power at the expense of the emperors. Martin Luther led the Protestant Reformationagainst the Catholic Church after 1517, as the northern states became Protestant, while the southern states remained Catholic. The two parts of the Holy Roman Empire clashed in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). 1648 marked the effective end of the Holy Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern nation-state system, with Germany divided into numerous independent states, such as Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony.