Wie die Fünff und Zwenzig Machen Der Tuppin Itins ankamen/ davon ich dem König gesagt hatte..

Title

Wie die Fünff und Zwenzig Machen Der Tuppin Itins ankamen/ davon ich dem König gesagt hatte..

Representation of customs and practice of the inhabitans of South America. De Bry’s Grand Voyages, an illustrated collection of accounts of the Americas, defined the early European picture of the New World.

ca. 1592

Artist

Bry, de - Staden (1528-1598)

Bry De,Theodorus (1528-1598) Frankfurt am Main, 1570 Theodor de Bry moved to Frankfurt am Main with his family and set up an engraving and publishing business. Between 1586 and 1588 he stayed in London, worked with the geographer Richard Hakluyt and began to collect reports and illustrations from various European exploratory expeditions. After his return in 1589, he and his sons drew up plans for new publications. From 1590 to 1634, Theodor de Bry published two of the most important collections of travelogues of the early modern period in Frankfurt. The Travels in the West Indies (also known as the History of America) and the Travels in the East Indies. The entire collection was published under the title: Collectiones peregrinationum in Indiam Orientalem et Indiam Occidentalem XXV partibus comprehensae. Opus illustratum figuris aeneis Fratrum de Bry et Meriani. In these and other works, de Bry was assisted by his two sons Johann Theodor (1561-1623) and Johann Israel (1570-1611). The two collections of travelogues published by Theodor de Bry in Frankfurt are among the most important of the early modern period and established his reputation with posterity: Columbus' Arrival in the New World (1594). The West Indian Voyages (published between 1590 and 1618) recount the discovery and conquest of America by Europeans, while the East Indian Voyages tell of the rise of Holland as a trading power in Asia around 1600. Both series were published in German and Latin, were intended for a European audience and were richly illustrated with copperplate engravings. Theodor de Bry was only able to publish six parts of his complete works. After his death, his sons Johann Theodor and Johann Israel and then Johann Theodor's son-in-law Matthäus Merian continued the work until 1634. In the end, it contained 25 parts and over 1500 engravings. The brothers were succeeded as engravers and publishers by Sebastian Furck. Hans Staden (ca. 1525 - ca. 1576) was a German soldier and explorer who traveled to South America in the middle of the 16th century, where he was captured by the Tupinambá people in Brazil. He managed to survive and return safely to Europe. In his widely read account of his journey and captivity, he claimed that the natives who held him captive practiced cannibalism.

Historical Description

The oldest traces of human life were found in the Caverna da Pedra Pintada in the state of Piauí. The early inhabitants fundamentally changed the ecosystem of the Amazon basin by planting certain types of plants and improving the soil. Their settlements - for example on the huge river island of Marajó - were far larger than long thought. In the province of Mato Grosso there were numerous planned locations where fish farming and agriculture were practiced until around 1500. The cities, which were up to 60 hectares in size, were connected by a road network - although in most areas the canoe was the means of transportation - there were dams and artificial ponds. As in many places in America, the people of the Xingu are believed to have been victims of the epidemic, especially smallpox. The indigenous peoples in Brazil lived partly from hunting, fishing and gathering, as well as from the fragile ecosystem of adapted soil management. A large part of the local population died in the course of European colonization, mostly from imported diseases, but also as a result of forced labor or enslavement. The majority of the Indians living outside the rainforest, especially in the cities, were assimilated insofar as they survived violence and epidemics and mingled with European immigrants. Already in 1494 Portugal and Spain decided to divide South America in the Tordesillas Treaty. Because the line had been agreed in ignorance of the coastline of the New World, the (at that time still generally unknown) eastern tip of South America also belonged to Portugal. The prerequisite for a legitimate possession was the consequent catholization of the locals. The period from 1500 to 1530 was marked by bartering with the locals. In 1549, today's Salvador da Bahia (São Salvador da Bahía de Todos os Santos) was named the capital. From 1530, native Indians were brought to the coast from inland who had to do the work on the sugar cane plantations in the northeast. Many of them died because of hard work, persecution, and indigenous susceptibility to European diseases. The colonialists then tried to replace the lost labor with slaves from Africa.