The war on the Punjaub frontier: The Fortress of Attock.

Title

The war on the Punjaub frontier: The Fortress of Attock.

Description

The view shows the fortress of Attock, located in the north of Punjab province in today's Pakistan.

ca. 1868

Artist

Anonymus

Historical Description

Around the middle of the 2nd millennium BC The Aryans from Central Asia invaded Pakistan. They shaped Vedic culture and Hinduism. Today's Pakistani territory already came into contact with Islam in the early 8th century when the Arabs conquered the Indus Valley under Muhammad ibn al-Qasim in 712. For centuries the border between the Islamic world and the Indian culture was east of the Indus. The Punjab initially remained outside the Muslim sphere of influence. It was only around 1000 that the Turkish Ghaznavid dynasty extended its empire to the whole of Pakistan and parts of northern India. Until the beginning of the 19th century, Pakistan was part of various Islamic empires, including those of the Persian Ghurids (12th and 13th centuries), the North Indian Delhi Sultans (13th and 14th centuries) and Mughals (16th to 18th centuries) ) and the Afghan Durrani dynasty (18th and 19th centuries).