Peru

Title

Peru

Description

Map shows Peru.

ca. 1620

Artist

Bertius (1565-1629)

Petrus Bertius (1565 -1629) was a Flemish theologian, historian, geographer and cartographer, He grew up in Beveren (Flanders). In 1593 he was appointed mathematics professor and librarian of the University of Leyden. His main cartographic work includes a miniature world atlas of 1600, a pocket atlas of the German Empire of 1616 with 26 engraved maps and 101 city views, a version of the Geographia of Ptolemy with 28 maps by Mercator and 14 maps from the Parergon of Ortelius of 1618, but he is known today as a cartographer with his edition of the Geographia of Ptolemy (based on Mercator's edition of 1578) and for his atlas.

Historical Description

In April 1532 Francisco Pizarro landed on the Peruvian coast. In November 1533 Pizarro reached the capital Cusco, which was handed over to him without any significant resistance. He appointed the younger brother Huáscars, Manco Cápac II as an Inca, who in 1536 dared a barely failed uprising. Pizarro had thus conquered the Inca Empire for the Spanish crown, and King Charles I, also known as the German-Roman Emperor Charles V, could say of himself: "The sun never sets in my empire." Pizarro founded today's capital in January 1535 Lima. The Spanish founded the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542 with Lima as the capital, which, with the exception of Venezuela, included all Spanish possessions in South America. In 1572 the Spaniards took Vilcabamba, the last refuge of the Incas. Lima was developed by the Spaniards into a magnificent city and called the city of kings. While independence movements developed in most countries in South America from 1809, the situation in Peru remained relatively stable. The Bolivian dictator Andrés Santa Cruz invaded Lima in the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation War in 1836 and united the two countries into the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation.