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Title

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Description

Special hydrographical map of 23 cities of France: Malo, Granville, Nantes, Dieppe, Bourdeaux, Brest, Cette, Rochefort, Port Louis, Bayonne, La Rochelle, Marseille, Gibraltar, Calais, ect.… ,…from Topographische Bureau 1812-1867 (vgl. Topographischer Atlas von Baiern) Printed from Lehmann Johannes, Augsburg. Issued from Johann Georg Löffler in München.

ca. 1807

Artist

Riedl (1746-1809)

Adrian Franz Xaver Florian Riedl, from 1790 von Riedl (1746-1809) was a German topographer and cartographer, coming from a family of cartographers who determined construction and surveying in Bavaria for over 75 years. In 1764 he fell on the scholars of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich through his cartographic implementation of the survey results of the French cartographer César François Cassini de Thury (1714–1784), which he had carried out in 1761 and 1762 in Bavaria. After the examination by the academy, Riedl was appointed electoral land geometer in 1766 and commissioned with the recording of the Bavarian road network in 1769. Over the years he followed his father in his positions as court chamber councilor (1771) and water, bridge and road construction commissioner ( 1772) according to. Together with General Building Director Joseph Aloys von Hofstetten, he developed the institutionalization and professionalization of construction and surveying. Adrian von Riedl's cartographic work of the Bavarian colonel and in various offices with road, bridge and especially hydraulic engineering could have been crowned with the Stromatlas if it had not been unfinished due to his sudden death. Nevertheless, the sheets published in several subscription deliveries were and still are the best and most accurate reproduction of Bavarian waters and could only be replaced by the Topographical Bureau 1812-1867 (see Topographical Atlas of Baiern) in the course of the official state survey.

Historical Description

It is estimated that today's France was settled about 48,000 years ago. Important rock paintings from the Paleolithic period have been preserved in the Lascaux cave From 600 BC Chr. Phoenician and Greek traders founded bases on the Mediterranean coast, while Celts settled from the northwest the country that was later called by the Romans as Gaul. The French Middle Ages were marked by the rise of kingship in the constant struggle against the independence of the nobility and the secular violence of the monasteries and religious orders. Starting from today's Île-de-France, the Capetinians enforced the idea of a unitary state, which was underpinned by participation in various crusades. The Normans invaded Normandy repeatedly, hence its name; in 1066 they conquered England. A long series of armed conflicts with England began under Louis VII after Ludwig's divorced wife Eleonore von Poitou and Aquitaine married Heinrich Plantagenet in 1152 and thus about half of France's territory fell to England. Philip II August, together with the Hohenstaufen family, largely displaced England from France until 1299; the English king Henry III Ludwig IX. recognize as suzerain. From 1226 France became an inheritance monarchy; in 1250 Ludwig IX was one of the most powerful rulers in the West. In the 17th and 18th centuries, France held European leadership and supremacy. The political and cultural charisma was significant: The court of Louis XIV became the model for absolutist states throughout Europe and the French Revolution with the declaration of human and civil rights, together with occupations by Napoleon Bonaparte, started in many countries the time and again Setbacks interrupted development towards democracy.