Les couronnes du nord la Suède et la Norwège avec les frontières de la Russie d´Europe

Title

Les couronnes du nord la Suède et la Norwège avec les frontières de la Russie d´Europe

Description

Map shows total Finland, north Norway to Bergen, north Sweden to Sater

dated 1802

Artist

Vaugondy,de (1723-1786)

Didier Robert de Vaugondy (1723 -1786) also known as Le Sieur or Monsieur Robert, and his son, were leading cartographers in France during the 18th century. In 1757, Gilles and Didier Robert De Vaugondy published The Atlas Universel, one of the most important atlases of the 18th century. To produce the atlas, the Vaugondys integrated older sources with more modern surveyed maps. They verified and corrected the latitude and longitude of many regional maps in the atlas with astronomical observations. The older material was revised with the addition of many new place names. In 1760, Didier Robert de Vaugondy was appointed geographer to Louis XV. Gilles and Didier Robert De Vaugondy produced their maps and terrestrial globes working together as father and son. Globes of a variety of sizes were made by gluing copperplate-printed gores on a plaster-finished papier-mache core, a complicated and expensive manufacturing process, employing several specialists. In some cases it is uncertain whether Gilles or Didier made a given map. Gilles often signed maps as M.Robert, while Didier commonly signed his maps as ""Robert de Vaugondy"", or added ""fils"" or ""filio"" after his name. The Robert de Vaugondys were descended from the Nicolas Sanson family through Sanson's grandson, Pierre Moulard-Sanson. From him, they inherited much of Sanson's cartographic material, which they combined with maps and plates acquired after Hubert Jaillot's death in 1712 to form the basis the Atlas Universel.

Historical Description

Finland's Stone Age population consisted of hunters and gatherers. With the Bronze Age around 1700 BC Began, starting from the coastal regions, agriculture and animal husbandry. From 100 BC Trade with Central Europe increased. During the time of the Great Migration, the Finnish coastal regions became prosperous through trade in the Baltic Sea, which increased further in the time of the Vikings from the 8th century. Around the turn of the millennium, relations between eastern Finland and Novgorod intensified through trade with the east. With the trade connections the people of Finland came into contact with the Christian faith, in the west with the Roman Catholic, in the east with the Orthodox. The connection of western Finland to Sweden was a gradual process. The strengthened powers Sweden and Novgorod entered into competition for political, economic and religious reasons for the area inhabited by the Finns. Both states undertook several more or less military crusades into the region from the 12th century. The border between the two powers and thus the eastern border of Finland was first established in the Treaty of Nöteborg in 1323. During the Middle Ages, a European-style corporate society, urban system and Catholic church organization emerged in Finland. From the end of the 14th century until its disintegration at the beginning of the 16th century, Finland was part of Sweden as part of the Kalmar Union. During the reign of Gustav I. Wasa from 1523 to 1560, Sweden developed into a strong central state, which formed the basis for the empire's position as a great power in the 17th century. Also under Gustav Wasa, Catholicism was replaced by the Evangelical Lutheran creed in the course of the Reformation. During the great power period, Sweden managed to expand its territory in wars with Denmark, Poland and Russia around the Baltic Sea. Finland, which was spared acts of war during this time, was more closely integrated into the imperial administration. Under the leadership of Governor General Per Brahe the Younger, several new cities were founded, the academy and a court in Turku were established, and a postal system was set up.