Bayern. “S. Rom. Imperii Circuli et Electoratus Bavariae Tabula Chorographica”

Title

Bayern. “S. Rom. Imperii Circuli et Electoratus Bavariae Tabula Chorographica”

Description

Finckh, Georg Philipp / Stridbeck, Johann: S. Rom. Imperii Circuli Et Electoratus Bavariae Tabula Chorographica. Splendid wall map of Bavaria with 2 large cartouches: Bavarian lions holding Bavarian coats of arms above a Munich city view - Elector Maximilian Emmanuel under allegorical emblems and putti. Additionally 1 overview map.

dated 1663

Artist

Finckh (ca 1608-1679)

Georg Philipp Finckh (c.1608-1679, was a German cartographer. He came from Dachau and was a son of the carpenter Leonhard Finckh. At the age of 18 he graduated from the Jesuit Gymnasium (Wilhelmsgymnasium) in Munich in 1624. He became an "episcopal Freysing and Regensburg councillor, court secretary, keeper at Ottenburg" and cartographer. The material he collected to update Philipp Apian's Bavarian Land Tables was used to create his own map of Old Bavaria. This work, called Sacri Romani Imperii Circuli Et Electoratus Bavariae Tabula Chorographica ("Outline Map of the County and Electorate of Bavaria of the Holy Roman Empire"), was engraved in Augsburg by Johann Stridbeck the Younger on 28 plates and not published until 1684, five years after Finckh's death, with a dedication to the Bavarian Elector, by Finckh's son of the same name, Georg Philipp. Apparently only single copies were printed during Finckh's lifetime. Compared to Philipp Apian's map series, some names have changed, some places have been added, many have been omitted.

Historical Description

The existence of a Bavarian tribal duchy has been documented since 555, which became part of the Frankish domain under the Merovingians. From 1180 to 1918 Bavaria was ruled by the Wittelsbachers as a territorial duchy. Bavaria experienced a period of numerous divisions into individual duchies from 1255 to 1503. Shortly before the first reunification, Ludwig IV. In 1328 became the first Wittelsbacher to become emperor, which meant a new high point in power for Bavaria. At the same time, however, the prince-archbishopric of Salzburg finally separated from the mother country Bavaria. In 1429, after the Straubing-Holland line became extinct, the Duchy of Bavaria-Straubing was divided between the Munich, Ingolstadt and Landshut lines. In 1447, Bavaria-Ingolstadt fell to Bavaria-Landshut, which in turn was won by Bavaria-Munich in the War of Succession in Landshut in 1503. The division of the country came to an end through the Primogenitur Act of Duke Albrecht IV of 1506. Bavaria took a leading position in the Counter-Reformation and emerged from the Thirty Years' War with territorial gains and the rise to the Electorate. In 1620, the troops of the Catholic League, under the leadership of the Bavarian general Tilly, defeated the Protestants in the Battle of the White Mountains near Prague. Then Tilly had the Palatinate occupied. As a thank you, Maximilian I received the electoral title in 1623 and the Upper Palatinate he occupied as war compensation in 1628. After the war, Elector Ferdinand Maria devoted himself to the reconstruction of the devastated country and pursued a cautious neutrality policy. During the War of the Spanish and Austrian Succession and in the course of Maximilian II. Emanuel's great power policy and later his son Karl Albrecht, Austria was twice temporarily occupied by absolutist Bavaria. In 1705 the Bavarian people rose against the imperial occupation. Only the battle of Aidenbach on January 8, 1706 ended with the complete defeat of the popular uprising. After Karl Albrecht's coronation, large parts of the electorate were occupied again until 1744. Karl Albrecht's son Maximilian III. Joseph finally ended the great power policy of his predecessors in 1745 and devoted himself to internal reforms. After the extinction of the old Bavarian line of the Wittelsbacher, the double electorate of Kurpfalz-Bavaria was created in 1777 under the reign of the Elector Karl Theodor from the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbacher. At the time of Napoleon, Bavaria was initially on the side of France and was able to record large territorial gains through secularization and mediatization. Salzburg, Tyrol, Vorarlberg and the Innviertel region, which was lost in 1779, fell temporarily to Bavaria. In the Peace of Pressburg, which was concluded on December 26, 1805 between France and the German Emperor Franz II, Bavaria, allied with Napoleon, was proclaimed a kingdom. King Max I. Joseph's Minister Maximilian Graf von Montgelas is considered the creator of the modern Bavarian state. In 1806 Napoleon Bonaparte elevated Bavaria to a kingdom. At the Vienna Congress in 1814, Bavaria was able to retain a large part of the area's profits as a victorious power, including what was now northern Bavaria, parts of Swabia and the Palatinate. In 1918 the Wittelsbach monarchy collapsed in the November Revolution. King Ludwig I, who had ruled since 1825, developed the Bavarian capital Munich into an art and university city. After the occupation by American troops, Bavaria became part of the newly founded Federal Republic in 1949.