Ardebil

Title

Ardebil

Description

Map shows the city Ardabil in Iran, as birds eye view.With description of all important houses and buildings.

ca. 1673

Artist

Ogilby (1600-1676)

John Ogilby was a Scottish translator, impresario and cartographer. Best known for publishing the first British road atlas, he was also a successful translator, noted for publishing his work in handsome illustrated editions. John Ogilby's career as a publisher and printer was gradual. The first editions of his Virgil and Aesop transmissions were published by John and Andrew Crook, both of whom were known for the poor quality of their printed works. His edition of Virgil's works, printed in 1654, was already a splendid volume, of which Ogilby wrote jubilantly that it was "the most beautiful that English printing can boast of so far". Ogilby had financed the printing of the lavish Virgil edition with a method that was hardly known until then, the subscription. To illustrate the work, he had one hundred full-page copperplate engravings made based on designs by the renowned painter Francis Cleyn. Subscribers could then have each individual engraving marked with their name, rank and coat of arms on the lower edge of the picture for a fee and in this way demonstrate their love of art on display. In this way, Ogilby could not only pay for the high manufacturing costs, but also satisfy the vanity of his subscribers. The financing of publishing projects through subscription was still new and little tried at the time - alongside the London publisher Richard Blome, Ogilby was one of the pioneers of subscription in the English publishing business of the 17th century. John Ogilby's -Arnold Montanus (1625-1683) Montanus' De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld (The New and Unknown World) appeared in 1673, first published by the Dutch doctor and historian Olfert Dapper (Amsterdam) and later by John Ogilby (Amsterdam) has been. This work is also a treasure trove for materials on America. It contains, among other things, maps of Virginia, Carolina, New England, America (with California as an island), Bermuda, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Paraguay. The copper engravings include an early view of New York, as well as views of Mexico, Carolina, Terceira, Puerto Rico (Porto Rico), Santo Domingo, Havana, St. Augustine / Florida, St. Martin, Campeche, Acapulco, Cartagena Trujillo in Honduras, Callao de Lima, Bay de Todos os Sanctus in Bahia / Brazil, San Salvador, Tamaraca, Olinda de Phernambuco and Mauritsstaad (Mauritiopolis).

Historical Description

The ancient empire of the Persians is referred to as the Persian Empire or Persian Empire, which at times extended from Thrace to north-west India and Egypt. It existed in different dimensions from about 550 to 330 BC. AD (Old Persian Empire of the Achaemenids) and from approx. 224 to 651 AD (New Persian Empire of the Sassanids). This name is a foreign name, as the native name has always been a variant of the term Iran. By the 1500s, Ismail I of Ardabil established the Safavid Empire,with his capital at Tabriz. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity within large parts of Greater Iran. Iran was predominantly Sunni, but Ismail instigated a forced conversion to the Shia branch of Islam, spreading throughout the Safavid territories in the Caucasus, Iran, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. As a result, modern-day Iran is the only official Shia nation of the world, with it holding an absolute majority in Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, having there the first and the second highest number of Shia inhabitants by population percentage in the world. Meanwhile, the centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire led to numerous Ottoman–Iranian wars. The Safavid era peaked in the reign of Abbas I (1587–1629), surpassing their Turkish archrivals in strength, and making Iran a leading science and art hub in western Eurasia. The Safavid era saw the start of mass integration from Caucasian populations into new layers of the society of Iran, as well as mass resettlement of them within the heartlands of Iran, playing a pivotal role in the history of Iran for centuries onwards. Following a gradual decline in the late 1600s and the early 1700s, which was caused by internal conflicts, the continuous wars with the Ottomans, and the foreign interference (most notably the Russian interference), the Safavid rule was ended by the Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Sultan Husayn in 1722. In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sasanian Empire, reestablishing the Iranian hegemony all over the Caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.